【这些文化遗存现今的模样㉜】走近这张抗日名将创办的报纸……******
【这些文化遗存现今的模样㉜】
光明日报记者 常河 丁一鸣
“逐鹿中原飞骏马,鸡鸣拂晓响黄钟。文工歌舞壮军旅,皓月晨光照雪枫。”这首诗里写的,是抗战时期彭雪枫将军的治军三宝:骑兵团、《拂晓报》和拂晓剧团。
《拂晓报》报史馆一角资料照片
彭雪枫,是我军文武兼备的名将。他1907年9月生于河南省南阳市镇平县,早年即投身革命,曾参加了中央苏区历次反围剿作战和二万五千里长征,率军攻占娄山关,横渡金沙江,飞越大渡河……1944年9月,在河南夏邑县八里庄围歼顽军李光明支队的战斗中,他不幸中流弹牺牲,时年37岁。1945年2月7日,中共中央在延安为彭雪枫将军隆重举行追悼大会,毛泽东、朱德、彭德怀、陈毅的共同挽词是:“二十年艰难事业,即将彻底完成,忍看功绩辉煌,英名永在,一世忠贞,是共产党人好榜样;千万里山河破碎,正待从头收拾,孰料血花飞溅,为国牺牲,满腔悲愤,为中华民族悼英雄。”
彭雪枫,家学渊源,酷爱文墨,写得一手好文章。1938年秋,抗日烽火遍燃中原,中共中央决定由彭雪枫率新四军游击支队挺进豫东,创建抗日根据地。同年9月29日,游击支队誓师东征,就在那天,在河南省确山县竹沟镇一个农舍中,《拂晓报》诞生了。彭雪枫为《拂晓报》题写了报头,并亲自撰写了创刊词:“拂晓代表着朝气、希望、革命、勇进、迈进有为、胜利就要到来的意思。军人们要在拂晓出发,要进攻敌人了。志士们在拂晓要奋起,要闻鸡起舞。拂晓催我们斗争,拂晓引来了光明。”
《拂晓报》创办之初,由于敌人的疯狂扫荡、封锁,各种物资奇缺,两支铁笔、两块钢板、两筒油墨、一把油刷、一块木板和半筒“高乐牌”蜡纸,便是全部家当。油墨用完了,彭雪枫卖掉自己心爱的战马,为《拂晓报》买来新油墨。他认为:“一支笔胜过两千支毛瑟枪。”对新闻事业,彭雪枫充满了热爱,曾说:“将来革命胜利了,我去当一名新闻记者。”
战火烽烟早已消散,如今的《拂晓报》是中共安徽宿州市委机关报。初冬时节,记者来到宿州。
走进落成不久的《拂晓报》报史馆,大厅偌大的背景墙上,印着《拂晓报》创刊号的版面图。“《拂晓报》刚创刊时,由于条件简陋,印刷质量不好,常常油迹斑斑。但它的影响却与日俱增。你们看,这是1939年12月5日的第100期纪念专刊,上面还有毛泽东同志的题词‘坚持游击战争’。”《拂晓报》老职工宋建国的讲解,把我们带回到了那段峥嵘岁月。
在日寇铁蹄蹂躏下的中国,一群战士一手扛着枪、一手握着笔,随着部队征战的脚步,辗转黄淮平原。在淮水两岸,在涡河之滨,他们凭着坚定信念、一腔热血,把一期又一期带着油墨香味的《拂晓报》,送到广大军民手中。当时,一位重庆读者曾致信《拂晓报》编辑庄方:“《拂晓报》简直像天外来鸿,读了报道,感动得热泪滚滚。”
“战争年代,报社先后有15名烈士血洒疆场,年龄最小的只有17岁。”宋建国告诉我们,1944年9月,彭雪枫牺牲后,是时任《拂晓报》记者张景华和十几名战士把彭雪枫的遗体从夏邑县转移到泗洪县半城镇。至今,宋建国仍难忘当年采访张景华时老人的数度哽咽:“在彭师长的遗物里,我们发现了一份完整的《拂晓报》合订本,封面上是师长手写的‘心血的结晶’……”
走近《拂晓报》,记者了解到:80多年风雨历程,当年的那张油印小报,经过血与火的洗礼,和着时代节拍,一路开拓创新,一路勇毅前行,现在已变成集报、网、端、微、屏于一体的新媒体矩阵。
在拂晓报社编辑部,时政要闻部记者马竞正在整理新闻素材。“最近,全市群众学习党的二十大精神热情高涨,我们要把这些生动的场景以全媒体的形式推送给读者。”文字记录、出镜采访、视频制作,马竞全程参与,轻车熟路。
作为一名全媒体记者,马竞觉得,与80多年前《拂晓报》筚路蓝缕创业时相比,现在报纸的传播手段日新月异,但它的红色基因始终未变。
“一代又一代《拂晓报》人,凭着对党和人民的忠诚信念,辛勤耕耘、默默奉献,形成了自己的优良传统,这些是我们这代《拂晓报》人弥足珍贵的精神财富,时刻激励着我们接续前辈的事业,奋勇前进。”拂晓报社党组书记、社长武华峰说。
灵璧县尹集镇尹楼村是拂晓报社的联系点,我们赶到村委会时,天空飘起了小雪。村里的第一书记马峰刚走访了村里几个大病户和危房户,还没来得及掸去身上的薄雪,就和村干部“掰扯”起当地特色美味“豆丹”养殖的事来。
马峰也是《拂晓报》的记者。到村一年多时间,在报社支持下,他帮助村里修建了通到每家每户的水泥路和高标准农田,还建起了杂粮加工工厂和光伏项目。
“我父亲在《拂晓报》工作了一辈子。小时候,我经常去报社看叔叔阿姨们写稿、看印刷车间的师傅们铅字排版。大学毕业后考进报社,就是要像父亲他们那样传承这份红色的新闻事业,用‘拂晓精神’为时代放歌,用‘拂晓精神’去激发人民改天换地的热情。”马峰的眼里跳动着一团火。
扫码看视频 走进《拂晓报》的厚重历史
《光明日报》( 2023年01月12日 01版)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |